The role of remote sensing technology in the EU water framework directive (WFD)

In this paper, we present the role of remote sensing technology in the context of the monitoring of surface water status within the European union (EU) water framework directive (WFD). Although the digital evaluation of remotely sensed data has been used to estimate surface water characteristics for over two decades, there are still few discussions available on the contribution of remote sensing technology to the monitoring of surface water status under this new water policy. In this study, we focus on the question of how remote sensing technology, both present-day and upcoming, could contribute to the information required for the implementation of the new water policy and compliance with its terms. We also discuss legal issues arising in trans-national remote sensing in the context of the new water policy, and identify shortcomings and areas where further studies are necessary. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.